Penn State College of Medicine is committed to offering CME programs that promote improvements or quality in health care and are developed free of the control of commercial interests. Reasonable efforts have been taken to ensure that our programs are balanced, independent, objective, scientific, and in compliance with regulatory requirements. Faculty and course directors have disclosed all relevant financial relationships with commercial companies, and Penn State has a process in place to resolve any conflict of interest. Disclosure of a relationship is not intended to suggest or condone bias, but is made to provide participants with information that might be of potential importance to their evaluation of this educational activity.
Course director, David Campbell, MD, reports that he has no financial relationship to disclose. Penn State College of Medicine staff and faculty involved in the development and review of this activity have disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
The following contributors disclose:
Gorav Ailawadi, MD
Consultant/Advisor: Medtronic, Inc., Edwards Lifesciences, Abbott Laboratories, AtriCure, Cephea Valve Technologies
Rakesh C. Arora, MD, PhD
Consultant/Advisor: CSU-ALS North America
Research Grant: Pfizer Canada, Inc.
Mark F. Berry, MD
Consultant/Advisor: Verb Surgical, Inc.
Jonathan M. Chen, MD
Consultant/Advisor: Medtronic, Inc. (Harmony Valve Screening Committee)
Royalties/Patents: Wolters-Kluwer Publishing (Textbook Editor)
Robbin G. Cohen, MD
Consultant/Advisor, Medtronic, Inc.
Speakers Bureau: St. Jude Medical
William M. DeCampli, MD, PhD
Stock/Ownership: EASE Applications, LLC, illumine, Inc., Juno Therapeutics, Inc.
James I. Fann, MD
Consultant/Advisor: Shockwave Medical, Inc.
Stock/Ownership: Shockwave Medical Inc., Twelve, Inc.
T. Sloane Guy, MD
Consultant/Advisor: Verb Surgical, Medtronic, Inc., Edwards Lifesciences
Michael Halkos, MD
Consultant/Advisor: Medtronic, Inc.
Bradley G. Leshnower, MD
Speakers Bureau: Medtronic, Inc.
Jules Lin, MD
Speakers Bureau: Intuitive Surgical
William R. Lynch, MD
Consultant/Advisor: Xvivo
Michael Mack, MD
Research Grant: Edwards Lifesciences, Abbott Vascular, Medtronic, Inc.
S. Chris Malaisrie, MD
Consultant/Advisor: Edwards Lifesciences
Speakers Bureau: Edwards Lifesciences, Abbott Laboratories, IBM Japan
Research Grant: Edwards Lifesciences
John E. Mayer Jr., MD
Consultant/Advisor: Medtronic, Inc.
Stephanie L. Mick, MD
Speaker/Consultant: Medtronic, Inc.
Nahush A. Mokadam, MD
Consultant/Advisor: Medtronic/HeartWare, St. Jude/Abbott
Research Grant: Medtronic/HeartWare, St. Jude/Abbott, SynCardia
Jay Pal, MD, PhD
Consultant/Advisor: HeartWare
Joe B. Putnam Jr., MD
Consultant/Advisor: Merck
Dan J. Raz, MD
Consultant/Advisor: Cireca, LLC
T. Brett Reece, MD
Consultant/Advisor: Gore Medical, Terumo, McKesson
Research Grant: Grifols
Edward Y. Sako, MD
Stock/Ownership: Medtronic, Inc.
Wilson Y. Szeto, MD
Consultant/Advisor: Microinterventional Devices
Research Grant: Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, Inc., Terumo/Bolton
Vinod H. Thourani, MD
Consultant/Advisor: Edwards Lifesciences, Gore Medical, Boston Scientific, Cryolife
Betty C. Tong, MD
Consultant/Advisor: Integra LifeScience, Medcom Carolinas, (Spouse)
Andrea S. Wolf, MD
Consultant/Advisor: Bluespire Marketing
All other contributors/question writers involved in the development of this activity have reported no financial relationship to disclose.